Another, symbolic, depiction shows a triumphant Christ ( Latin: Christus triumphans), clothed in robes, rather than stripped as for his execution, with arms raised, appearing to rise up from the cross, sometimes accompanied by "rays of light", or an aureole encircling his body. He may be robed as a prophet, crowned as a king, and vested in a stole as Great High Priest.

On 24 March 2011, the Constitutional Court of Peru ruled that the presence of crucifixes in courts of law does not violate the secular nature of the state. [38] Gallery [ edit ] Welcome to the Worlds Largest Crucifixion". Michigan Interactive. Michigan Interactive . Retrieved 30 June 2010. In 2008, a chapel in a prison in England replaced its crucifix and static altar with a cross and portable altar when it was renovated as a multi-faith chapel. Right-leaning media reported that the crucifix had been removed "in case it offends Muslims". [33] St. John's Lutheran Church of Topeka, KS, "The Altar Crucifix" ". Archived from the original on 19 June 2012.

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Marquardt, Janet T.; Jordan, Alyce A. (14 January 2009). Medieval Art and Architecture after the Middle Ages. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p.71. ISBN 9781443803984.

A crucifix (from the Latin cruci fixus meaning '(one) fixed to a cross') is a cross with an image of Jesus on it, as distinct from a bare cross. The representation of Jesus himself on the cross is referred to in English as the corpus (Latin for 'body'). [1] [2] Obelkevich, James; Roper, Lyndal (5 November 2013). Disciplines of Faith: Studies in Religion, Politics and Patriarchy. Routledge. p.548. ISBN 9781136820793. The Calvinizers sought to remove the crucifix as idolatrous. There was considerable continuity, certainly, between the Lutheran use of the crucifix and the Catholic. John Calvin. Institutes of the Christian Religion . Retrieved 12 November 2015. Of what use, then, were the erection in churches of so many crosses of wood and stone, silver and gold, In the world of heavy metal, there are iconic bands, and then there's GHOST. The enigmatic Swedish metal act has been captivating audiences worldwide with their unique blend of theatricality, melody, and darkness for over a decade. One of their most notorious releases, the "Phallos Mortuus" ritual box set, originally unveiled in 2013, is making a triumphant return as a 10th-anniversary edition. This collector's gem, laden with mystique and a heavy dose of humor, is once again available for GHOST enthusiasts and metal aficionados to savor.Luchs, Alison; Distelberger, Rudolf; Verdier, Philippe; Barbour, Daphne S.; Wilson, Timothy H.; Sturman, Shelley G.; Vandiver, Pamela B. (1993). Rufolf Distelberger, Western Decorative Arts (National Gallery of Art 1993), p. 15. ISBN 9780521470681.

The Grucifix is the inverted cross symbol used as the primary symbol of Ghost. It is distinguishable from a "normal" cross by the conspicuous stylized "G" at its core. White, Jon (20 March 2016). "DIY Tabernacling: Holy Objects & Holy Space, at home". Episcopal Cafe . Retrieved 1 October 2020. In the West, altar crosses and processional crosses began to be crucifixes in the 11th century, which became general around the 14th century, as they became cheaper. The Roman Rite requires that "either on the altar or near it, there is to be a cross, with the figure of Christ crucified upon it, a cross clearly visible to the assembled people. It is desirable that such a cross should remain near the altar even outside of liturgical celebrations, so as to call to mind for the faithful the saving Passion of the Lord." [19] The requirement of the altar cross was also mentioned in pre-1970 editions of the Roman Missal, [20] though not in the original 1570 Roman Missal of Pope Pius V. [21] The Rite of Funerals says that the Gospel Book, the Bible, or a cross (which will generally be in crucifix form) may be placed on the coffin for a Requiem Mass, but a second standing cross is not to be placed near the coffin if the altar cross can be easily seen from the body of the church. [22] Palanga Lutheran Church Beautified with New Crucifix". LCMS International Mission. 8 June 2020 . Retrieved 1 October 2020. The band is typically led by a "demonic anti-pope" figure who may adopt the title "Papa" (Latin/Italian for "Pope") when properly elected by the Clergy. On at least one occasion, a Cardinal ( Copia) was chosen to lead the band without first having been promoted to "Papa". He was later elevated and assumed the title "Papa Emeritus IV".

On 18 March 2011, the European Court of Human Rights ruled in the Lautsi v. Italy case, that the requirement in Italian law that crucifixes be displayed in classrooms of state schools does not violate the European Convention on Human Rights. [35] [36] [37] Crucifixes are common in most other Italian official buildings, including courts of law. The Lutheran Churches retained the use of the crucifix, "justifying their continued use of medieval crucifixes with the same arguments employed since the Middle Ages, as is evident from the example of the altar of the Holy Cross in the Cistercian church of Doberan." [3] [26] Martin Luther did not object to them, and this was among his differences with Andreas Karlstadt as early as 1525. At the time of the Reformation, Luther retained the crucifix in the Lutheran Church and they remain the center of worship in Lutheran parishes across Europe. [27] In the United States, however, Lutheranism came under the influence of Calvinism, and the plain cross came to be used in many churches. [28] In contrast to the practice of the Moravian Church and Lutheran Churches, the early Reformed Churches rejected the use of the crucifix, and indeed the unadorned cross, along with other traditional religious imagery, as idolatrous. [29] Calvin, considered to be the father of the Reformed Church, was violently opposed to both cross and crucifix. [30] In England, the Royal Chapels of Elizabeth I were most unusual among local churches in retaining crucifixes, following the Queen's conservative tastes. These disappeared under her successor, James I, and their brief re-appearance in the early 1620s when James' heir was seeking a Spanish marriage was the subject of rumour and close observation by both Catholics and Protestants; when the match fell through they disappeared. [31] Modern [ edit ] Eastern Christian liturgical processions called crucessions [ citation needed] include a cross or crucifix at their head. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the crucifix is often placed above the iconostasis in the church. In the Russian Orthodox Church a large crucifix (" Golgotha") is placed behind the Holy Table (altar). During Matins of Good Friday, a large crucifix is taken in procession to the center of the church, where it is venerated by the faithful. Sometimes the soma ( corpus) is removable and is taken off the crucifix at Vespers that evening during the Gospel lesson describing the Descent from the Cross. The empty cross may then remain in the centre of the church until the Paschal vigil (local practices vary). The blessing cross which the priest uses to bless the faithful at the dismissal will often have the crucifix on one side and an icon of the Resurrection of Jesus on the other, the side with the Resurrection being used on Sundays and during Paschaltide, and the crucifix on other days.