WorldCat libraries have catalogued the related works in different ways including "The lion, the witch, and the wardrobe: a musical based on C.S. Lewis' classic story" (book, 1986, OCLC 14694962); "The lion, the witch, and the wardrobe: a musical based on C.S. Lewis' classic story" (musical score, 1986, OCLC 16713815); "Narnia: a dramatic adaptation of C.S. Lewis's The lion, the witch, and the wardrobe" (video, 1986, OCLC 32772305); "Narnia: based on C.S. Lewis' [classic story] The lion, the witch, and the wardrobe" (1987, OCLC 792898134). Dell'Amore, C. (2016). "No, those aren't male lions mating. One is likely a female". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021 . Retrieved 18 April 2016. lion". Oxford English Dictionary (Onlineed.). Oxford University Press . Retrieved 20 March 2022. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) How much more of the story Lewis then wrote is uncertain. Roger Lancelyn Green thinks that he might even have completed it. In September 1947, Lewis wrote in a letter about stories for children: "I have tried one myself, but it was, by the unanimous verdict of my friends, so bad that I destroyed it." [14]

Susan is the second-oldest sibling. She does not believe in Narnia until she actually goes there. She and Lucy accompany Aslan on the journey to the Stone Table, where he allows the Witch to take his life in place of Edmund's. Tending to Aslan's carcass, she removes a muzzle from him to restore his dignity and oversees a horde of mice who gnaw away his bonds. She then shares the joy of his resurrection and the endeavor to bring reinforcements to a critical battle. Susan is crowned Queen Susan the Gentle. In chapter one of the American edition, the animals in which Edmund and Susan express interest are snakes and foxes rather than the foxes and rabbits of the British edition. [53] [54] Lewis's publisher, Geoffrey Bles, feared that the Narnia tales would not sell, and might damage Lewis's reputation and affect sales of his other books. Nevertheless, the novel and its successors were highly popular with young readers, and Lewis's publisher was soon eager to release further Narnia stories. [25] Morell, V. (1995). "Cowardly lions confound cooperation theory". Science. 269 (5228): 1216–1217. Bibcode: 1995Sci...269.1216M. doi: 10.1126/science.7652566. PMID 7652566. S2CID 44676637. Hemmer, H. (2011). "The story of the cave lion – Panthera Leo Spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810) – A review". Quaternaire. 4: 201–208.a b c d Manuel, M. d.; Ross, B.; Sandoval-Velasco, M.; Yamaguchi, N.; Vieira, F. G.; Mendoza, M. L. Z.; Liu, S.; Martin, M. D.; Sinding, M.-H. S.; Mak, S. S. T.; Carøe, C.; Liu, S.; Guo, C.; Zheng, J.; Zazula, G.; Baryshnikov, G.; Eizirik, E.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Johnson, W. E.; Antunes, A.; Sicheritz-Ponten, T.; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Larson, G.; Yang, H.; O'Brien, S. J.; Hansen, A. J.; Zhang, G.; Marques-Bonet, T. & Gilbert, M. T. P. (2020). "The evolutionary history of extinct and living lions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (20): 10927–10934. Bibcode: 2020PNAS..11710927D. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1919423117. PMC 7245068. PMID 32366643.

Fisher, Douglas; James Flood; Diane Lapp; Nancy Frey (2004). "Interactive Read-Alouds: Is There a Common Set of Implementation Practices?" (PDF). The Reading Teacher. 58 (1): 8–17. doi: 10.1598/RT.58.1.1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2013. a b Linnaeus, C. (1758). " Felis leo". Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol.Tomus I (decima, reformataed.). Holmiae: Laurentius Salvius. p.41. (in Latin) Gormley, Beatrice. C. S. Lewis: The Man Behind Narnia. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-5301-1. p. 122. (Second edition of C. S. Lewis: Christian and Storyteller. Eerdmans. 1997. ISBN 978-0-8028-5121-5.)Due to labour-union rules, [53] the text of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe was reset for the publication of the first American edition by Macmillan US in 1950. [2] Lewis took that opportunity to make these changes to the original British edition published by Geoffrey Bles [1] earlier that same year: a b Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E. & Murphy, W. J. (2016). "Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)". Genome Research. 26 (1): 1–11. doi: 10.1101/gr.186668.114. PMC 4691742. PMID 26518481. Lewis very much enjoyed writing The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and embarked on the sequel Prince Caspian soon after finishing the first novel. He completed the sequel by the end of 1949, less than a year after finishing the initial book. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe had few readers during 1949 and was not published until late 1950, so his initial enthusiasm did not stem from favourable reception by the public. [23]

Lions imported to Europe before the middle of the 19th century were possibly foremost Barbary lions from North Africa, or Cape lions from Southern Africa. [208] Another 11 animals thought to be Barbary lions kept in Addis Ababa Zoo are descendants of animals owned by Emperor Haile Selassie. WildLink International in collaboration with Oxford University launched an ambitious International Barbary Lion Project with the aim of identifying and breeding Barbary lions in captivity for eventual reintroduction into a national park in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco. [209] However, a genetic analysis showed that the captive lions at Addis Ababa Zoo were not Barbary lions, but rather closely related to wild lions in Chad and Cameroon. [210] Sammons, Martha C. (1979). A Guide Through Narnia. Wheaton, Illinois: Harold Shaw Publishers. ISBN 978-0-87788-325-8.

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Captive lions have been infected with canine distemper virus (CDV) since at least the mid-1970s. [172] CDV is spread by domestic dogs and other carnivores; a 1994 outbreak in Serengeti National Park resulted in many lions developing neurological symptoms such as seizures. During the outbreak, several lions died from pneumonia and encephalitis. [173] Feline immunodeficiency virus and lentivirus also affect captive lions. [174] [175] Communication Head rubbing among pride members is a common social behaviour. Nomadic lions range widely and move around sporadically, either in pairs or alone. [90] Pairs are more frequent among related males. A lion may switch lifestyles; nomads can become residents and vice versa. [96] Interactions between prides and nomads tend to be hostile, although pride females in estrus allow nomadic males to approach them. [97] Males spend years in a nomadic phase before gaining residence in a pride. [98] A study undertaken in the Serengeti National Park revealed that nomadic coalitions gain residency at between 3.5 and 7.3 years of age. [99] In Kruger National Park, dispersing male lions move more than 25km (16mi) away from their natal pride in search of their own territory. Female lions stay closer to their natal pride. Therefore, female lions in an area are more closely related to each other than male lions in the same area. [100] This resonance is a central component of the case, promoted chiefly by Oxford University scholar Michael Ward, for the seven Chronicles having been modelled upon the seven classical astrological planets, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe upon Jupiter. [19] a b c Hemmer, H. (1974). "Untersuchungen zur Stammesgeschichte der Pantherkatzen ( Pantherinae) Teil 3. Zur Artgeschichte des Löwen Panthera (Panthera) leo (Linnaeus, 1758)". Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung. 17: 167–280. a b Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (1992) [1972]. "Lion". Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola[ Mammals of the Soviet Union, Volume II, Part 2]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp.83–95. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.

Google Books uses the title "Narnia – Full Musical" and hosts selections, perhaps from the play by Tasca alone, without lyrics or music. Tasca, J. (1986). Narnia - Full Musical. Dramatic Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-87129-381-7 . Retrieved 16 June 2014. Milius, S. (2002). "Biology: Maneless lions live one guy per pride". Society for Science & the Public. 161 (16): 253. doi: 10.1002/scin.5591611614. a b c d e f Haas, S. K.; Hayssen, V.; Krausman, P. R. (2005). " Panthera leo" (PDF). Mammalian Species. 762: 1–11. doi: 10.1644/1545-1410(2005)762[0001:PL]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 198968757. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2017. Lions tend to dominate cheetahs and leopards, steal their kills and kill their cubs and even adults when given the chance. [139] Cheetahs often lose their kills to lions or other predators. [140] A study in the Serengeti ecosystem revealed that lions killed at least 17 of 125 cheetah cubs born between 1987 and 1990. [141] Cheetahs avoid their competitors by hunting at different times and habitats. [142] Leopards take refuge in trees, but lionesses occasionally attempt to climb up and retrieve their kills. [143] Oken, L. (1816). "1. Art, Panthera". Lehrbuch der Zoologie. 2. Abtheilung. Jena: August Schmid & Comp. p.1052.Felis leo was the scientific name used by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, who described the lion in his work Systema Naturae. [3] The genus name Panthera was coined by Lorenz Oken in 1816. [10] Between the mid-18th and mid-20th centuries, 26 lion specimens were described and proposed as subspecies, of which 11 were recognised as valid in 2005. [1] They were distinguished mostly by the size and colour of their manes and skins. [11] Subspecies Range map showing distribution of subspecies and clades P. fossilis was larger than the modern lion and lived in the Middle Pleistocene. Bone fragments were excavated in caves in the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy and Czech Republic. [22] [23] While Lewis is known today on the strength of the Narnia stories as a highly successful children's writer, the initial critical response was muted. At the time, children's stories being realistic was fashionable; fantasy and fairy tales were seen as indulgent, appropriate only for very young readers and potentially harmful to older children, even hindering their ability to relate to everyday life. Some reviewers considered the tale overtly moralistic or the Christian elements overstated attempts to indoctrinate children. Others were concerned that the many violent incidents might frighten children. [24] a b c d e Wozencraft, W. C. (2005). "Species Panthera leo". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rded.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p.546. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.