Figure 15 indicates that Officers in the UK Regulars are generally younger than Officers in the Future Reserves 2020. As at 1 April 2020 the average age for Officers in the UK Regular Forces was 37 years old compared to the Future Reserves 2020 where the average age was 44 years old. ML-based classification models are strongly affected by imbalanced data, especially in the medical field. The class imbalance is one of the common problems which affects the prediction accuracy and could lead to biases in the result. It is required to balance the data by increasing the minority class or decreasing the majority class (undersampling). The distribution can vary from a slight bias to a severe imbalance [ 15– 18]. For both the UK Regular Forces and the Future Reserves 2020, the Army and Army Reserve represent the largest parts of the UK Armed forces and also have the greatest proportion of BAME personnel; accounting for more than 81.8 per cent of all BAME personnel.

The ONS says it is too early to say if this is the start of a new downward trend but that figures indicate a slowing of immigration and increasing emigration Percentage increase and decrease are calculated by computing the difference between two values and comparing that difference to the initial value. Mathematically, this involves using the absolute value of the difference between two values then dividing the result by the initial value, essentially calculating how much the initial value has changed. Of the overall female personnel taking maternity leave in 2019, 1.5 per cent did not return to work. As at 1 October 2020, 42.1 per cent of those who took maternity leave in 2014 and returned have now left service.

In November 2018, MOD removed the five year UK residency requirement for Commonwealth citizens wishing to apply to join the Regular Armed Forces, increasing recruitment to up to 1,350 per annum across Defence. This five year UK residency requirement was imposed in July 2013, although a limited waiver occurred in May 2016, allowing up to 200 Commonwealth personnel to be recruited per annum to fill skill shortage roles. Similarly to the July 2013 and May 2016 changes, the November 18 change was announced via a Written Ministerial Statement (WMS). Further information on residency rules can be found in the links below: Percentages are computed by multiplying the value of a ratio by 100. For example, if 25 out of 50 students in a classroom are male, . The value of the ratio is therefore 0.5, and multiplying this by 100 yields:

In the 12 months to 31 March 2020, 940 female personnel joined the Future Reserves 2020; this is 15.4 per cent of total intake. Intake of female personnel is higher for Officers (16.4 per cent), than for Other Ranks (15.3 per cent). The paper aims to apply extensive machine learning models to efficiently predict ACL tears in the early stage to avoid ACL injury efficiently. In this paper, we compare and analyze the results of the class imbalance problem in the context of structured data contained multiclasses through oversampling technique. As at 1 October 2020, 5.6 per cent of the Future Reserves 2020 (2,070 personnel) declared a BAME ethnicity. As at 1 October 2020, 7.1 per cent of FR20 service personnel have declared a sexual orientation. The declaration rate is higher amongst officers (13.3 per cent) when compared with Other Ranks (5.4 per cent). The Armed Forces 2020 target for BAME (10 per cent of recruits) was met (11.7 per cent). The Armed Forces 2020 target for Women (15 per cent of recruits) was not met (12.6 per cent).After training the classifier with numerous samples obtained by the circulant matrix, the target can be detected and located. First of all, the kernel matrix K z between the sample x and the candidate sample z is calculated to match the position results. where represents the circulant matrix of vector . For both the UK Regular Forces and the Future Reserves 2020, the Army and Army Reserve represent the largest parts of the UK Armed forces and also have the greatest proportion of BAME personnel; accounting for more than 81.4 per cent of all BAME personnel. Information is provided on the number of Military Personnel in (defined as the strength), joining ( intake) and leaving ( outflow) the UK Armed Forces. Statistics are included for UK Regular Forces and Future Reserves 2020 (FR20) personnel. Further statistics can be found in the Excel tables which accompany this report. Detailed statistics and historic time series can be found in the Excel tables which accompany this report; further historic statistics will be added in due course. In the meantime, historic statistics can be found in the following archived publications: