Kempley, Rita (June 7, 2003). "Too Too Divine: Movies' 'Magic Negro' Saves the Day – but at the Cost of His Soul" . Retrieved March 17, 2012. Asim, Jabari (2008). The N Word: Who Can Say It, Who Shouldn't, and Why. HMH. ISBN 978-0-547-52494-8.

Ozhegov, Sergeĭ Ivanovich.; Ожегов, Сергей Иванович (2014). Tolkovyĭ slovarʹ russkogo i︠a︡zyka: okolo 100 000 slov, terminov i frazeologicheskikh vyrazheniĭ. Skvort︠s︡ov, Lev Ivanovich., Скворцов, Лев Иванович (28-e izd., ispravlennoeed.). Moskva. ISBN 978-5-94666-678-7. OCLC 1041202243. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link)A "Migger" is someone who is from Michigan and is a Gamer. The longer form is MI-Gamer, or, Michigan Gamer. MIG is short for MichiganGamer, however, add 'ger (to emphasize Michigander) to the end and you have Migger. In Michigan, a Migger is known as a local gamer who originated or lives in Michigan. Twain, Mark (1883). Life on the Mississippi. Vol.75. James R. Osgood & Co., Boston (U.S. edition). p.11,13,127,139,219. doi: 10.1097/00001888-200010000-00016. ISBN 978-0-486-41426-3. PMID 11031147. {{ cite book}}: |journal= ignored ( help) In its original English-language usage, nigger (also spelled niger) was a word for a dark-skinned individual. The earliest known published use of the term dates from 1574, in a work alluding to "the Nigers of Aethiop, bearing witnes". [7] According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first derogatory usage of the term nigger was recorded two centuries later, in 1775. [8] a b Tesler, Michael (June 25, 2015). "Using the n-word is more common than you (or President Obama) may think". The Washington Post . Retrieved August 15, 2018.

BBC apologises over racial slur used in news report". BBC News. August 9, 2020 . Retrieved August 26, 2020. Coleman, Jon (2012). Here Lies Hugh Glass: A Mountain Man, a Bear, and the Rise of the American Nation. Macmillan. p.272 . Retrieved November 21, 2016. [ permanent dead link] The word's usage in literature has led to it being a point of discussion in university lectures as well. In 2008, Arizona State University English professor Neal A. Lester created what has been called "the first ever college-level class designed to explore the word 'nigger '". [43] Starting in the following decade, colleges struggled with attempts to teach material about the slur in a sensitive manner. In 2012, a sixth grade Chicago teacher Lincoln Brown was suspended after repeating the contents of a racially charged note being passed around in class. Brown later filed a federal civil rights lawsuit against the headmaster and the Chicago public schools. [44] A New Orleans high school also experienced controversy in 2017. [45] Such increased attention prompted Elizabeth Stordeur Pryor, the daughter of Richard Pryor and a professor at Smith College, to give a talk opining that the word was leading to a "social crisis" in higher education. [46] Noble, Kenneth B. (January 14, 1995). "Issue of Racism Erupts in Simpson Trial". The New York Times . Retrieved February 2, 2021. Harvard, Sarah (March 7, 2019). "College student delivers presentation to call out professor for using n-word in class". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 20, 2022 . Retrieved November 18, 2019.Florida Dunkin' employee is sentenced for fatally punching customer who used racist slur". CBS News. March 9, 2022 . Retrieved August 14, 2022. Mark Twain, in the autobiographic book Life on the Mississippi (1883), used the term within quotes, indicating reported speech, but used the term "negro" when writing in his own narrative persona. [19] Joseph Conrad published a novella in Britain with the title The Nigger of the "Narcissus" (1897); in the United States, it was released as The Children of the Sea: A Tale of the Forecastle; the original had been called "the ugliest conceivable title" in a British review [20] and American reviewers understood the change as reflecting American "refinement" and "prudery." [21] The US edition of Joseph Conrad's The Nigger of the "Narcissus" was called The Children of the Sea. 20th-century United States Allan, Keith (June 2007). "The pragmatics of connotation". Journal of Pragmatics. 39 (6): 1047–1057. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2006.08.004.

Harvey, Dennis (November 7, 2019). "Film Review: 'Cold Brook' ". Variety . Retrieved November 20, 2019. Mele, Christopher (June 23, 2018). "Netflix Fires Chief Communications Officer Over Use of Racial Slur". The New York Times . Retrieved June 23, 2018. The term " colored" or "negro" became a respectful alternative. In 1851, the Boston Vigilance Committee, an abolitionist organization, posted warnings to the Colored People of Boston and vicinity. Writing in 1904, journalist Clifton Johnson documented the "opprobrious" character of the word nigger, emphasizing that it was chosen in the South precisely because it was more offensive than "colored" or "negro". [17] By the turn of the century, "colored" had become sufficiently mainstream that it was chosen as the racial self-identifier for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). In 2008 Carla Sims, its communications director, said "the term 'colored' is not derogatory, [the NAACP] chose the word 'colored' because it was the most positive description commonly used [in 1909, when the association was founded]. It's outdated and antiquated but not offensive." [18]

Word History

Accademia della Crusca, Nero, negro e di colore, 12 ottobre 2012 [IT]". Archived from the original on September 30, 2019 . Retrieved September 30, 2019. Woodlee, Yolanda (February 4, 1999). "D.C. Mayor Acted 'Hastily', Will Rehire Aide". The Washington Post . Retrieved August 17, 2007. French: Nègre is now considered derogatory. Although Nègre littéraire was the standard term for a ghostwriter, it has largely been supplanted by prête-plume. Some white Frenchmen have the surname Nègre. The word can still be used as a synonym of "sweetheart" in some traditional Louisiana French creole songs. As a trope, the term Magical Negro was popularized in 2001 by film director Spike Lee, while discussing films with students during a tour of college campuses, in which he said Hollywood continued to employ this premise, expressing dismay. He also said that the films The Green Mile and The Legend of Bagger Vance used the "super-duper magical Negro". [3] [4] [5] [6]

Allan, Keith (November 2015). "When is a slur not a slur? The use of nigger in 'Pulp Fiction' ". Language Sciences. 52: 187–199. doi: 10.1016/j.langsci.2015.03.001.The editor of Green Egg, a magazine described in The Encyclopedia of American Religions as a significant periodical, published an essay entitled "Niggers of the New Age". This argued that Neo-Pagans were treated badly by other parts of the New Age movement. [83] Other languages a b c d e f Oxford English Dictionary Online, s.v. nigger, n. and adj.; neger, n. and adj.; N-word, n. In a book published in 2004, writer Krin Gabbard claimed that the Oda Mae Brown character in the 1990 movie Ghost, played by Whoopi Goldberg, was an example of a Magical Negress. [16] :154–155 Brontsema, Robin (June 1, 2004). "A Queer Revolution: Reconceptualizing the Debate Over Linguistic Reclamation". Colorado Research in Linguistics. 17 (1). doi: 10.25810/dky3-zq57. ISSN 1937-7029. Linguistic reclamation, also known as linguistic resignification or reappropriation, refers to the appropriation of a pejorative epithet by its target(s). Portuguese: Negro (as well as preto) is neutral; [94] nevertheless preto can be offensive or at least " politically incorrect" and is almost never proudly used by Afro-Brazilians. Crioulo and macaco are always extremely pejorative. [95]