From the 1960s to the early 1980s, it was the Conservatives who were most pro-European and Labour that was most against membership of what it saw as a capitalist club. She also makes this rather unexpected comparison between Russia, the US and the UK, and how, in their own different ways, they’re wrestling with very serious problems to do with de-industrialization and how you cope with that.

The volume brings together literary and cultural studies, history, and political science in an integrated analysis of views and practices that shape cultural memory.She is particularly interested in mid-twentieth-century German theory and philosophy that seeks to straddle aesthetics and the idea of the political. In all her intercourse with society, however, there was nothing that made her feel as if she belonged to it. And Barnier was appalled when Johnson told the press shortly after that there would be no controls on goods between Britain and Northern Ireland – “which is not what the withdrawal agreement says”.

It illustrates the way in which one of the implications of the referendum was to give those tribes meaning, identity and names, which reinforced them. Margaret Thatcher’s premiership then set the stage for an antagonistic relationship that culminated in the 2016 referendum. No understanding of Brexit is, of course, complete without understanding the European Union and its single currency, the Euro. Le Carré died in December 2020, so it may well be the last book written by the greatest spy novelist of the 20th century.State-of-the-art chapters cover the various factors which led to the success of the ‘Leave’ campaign, the role of EU institutions in Brexit, the implications for other member states and players in the international system, and questions of political legitimacy posed by the UK’s departure from the EU. Arron Banks enjoyed a life of happy anonymity flogging car insurance in Bristol until he dipped his toes into the sharkinfested waters of politics and decided to plunge right in. When negotiations opened, the media made much of a photo of Barnier sitting with a file full of papers on the table in front of him while David Davis had nothing at all. Barnier spends a vast amount of his time keeping member states on side, travelling endlessly to capitals and engaging with ministers. Barnier comments: “The British want us to believe that they are not afraid of a no deal”; they are playing a “game of chicken” and the EU task is to “keep our cool”.

Britain tilted hopelessly at trying to change that sequence and tied its hands early on by setting out its red lines. Seidler cogently highlights the potential of a politics of voice, and crucially, the urgency of the ethical project of listening. Each book discusses Brexit through its own individual legal specialism, providing expert analysis on sectors which have long been dominated by EU Law. He focused from the beginning on the landing zone for the negotiation and prepared a full legal text of the free trade agreement before the talks began.Brexit and Beyond] fulfills its goal of demonstrating that Brexit has been a critical juncture for scholars and policymakers to ‘rethink the futures of Europe’, while exploring different types of scenarios and options, some of which have not been discussed before. It will also be a key resource for both UK and EU governments and policy actors seeking to broaden their perspective on Brexit. As the tensions and complexities of the Brexit negotiations come to the fore, the collection of essays by leading scholars will prove a very valuable reference for their depth of analysis, their lucidity, and their outlining of future options.